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<h1><a name="SECTION0020000000000000000000"></a><a name="internet"></a>
<br>
18. Internet Protocols and Support 
</h1>

<p>
<a id='l2h-3792' xml:id='l2h-3792'></a>

<p>
The modules described in this chapter implement Internet protocols and 
support for related technology.  They are all implemented in Python.
Most of these modules require the presence of the system-dependent
module <tt class="module"><a href="module-socket.html">socket</a></tt><a id='l2h-3793' xml:id='l2h-3793'></a>, which is currently
supported on most popular platforms.  Here is an overview:

<p>
<table class='synopsistable' valign='baseline'>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-webbrowser.html'>webbrowser</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-cgi.html'>cgi</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Common Gateway Interface support, used to interpret
forms in server-side scripts.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-cgitb.html'>cgitb</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.html'>wsgiref</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.util.html'>wsgiref.util</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'></td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.headers.html'>wsgiref.headers</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'></td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.simpleserver.html'>wsgiref.simple_server</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'></td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.validate.html'>wsgiref.validate</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'></td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-wsgiref.handlers.html'>wsgiref.handlers</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'></td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-urllib.html'>urllib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Open an arbitrary network resource by URL (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-urllib2.html'>urllib2</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>An extensible library for opening URLs using a variety of 
                protocols</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-httplib.html'>httplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-ftplib.html'>ftplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>FTP protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-gopherlib.html'>gopherlib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Gopher protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-poplib.html'>poplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-imaplib.html'>imaplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-nntplib.html'>nntplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-smtplib.html'>smtplib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-smtpd.html'>smtpd</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Implement a flexible SMTP server</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-telnetlib.html'>telnetlib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Telnet client class.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-uuid.html'>uuid</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-urlparse.html'>urlparse</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Parse URLs into components.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-SocketServer.html'>SocketServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>A framework for network servers.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-BaseHTTPServer.html'>BaseHTTPServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Basic HTTP server (base class for
                <tt class="class">SimpleHTTPServer</tt> and <tt class="class">CGIHTTPServer</tt>).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-SimpleHTTPServer.html'>SimpleHTTPServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>This module provides a basic request handler for HTTP
                servers.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-CGIHTTPServer.html'>CGIHTTPServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>This module provides a request handler for HTTP servers
                which can run CGI scripts.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-cookielib.html'>cookielib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Cookie handling for HTTP clients</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-Cookie.html'>Cookie</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Support for HTTP state management (cookies).</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-xmlrpclib.html'>xmlrpclib</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>XML-RPC client access.</td></tr>
  <tr><td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-SimpleXMLRPCServer.html'>SimpleXMLRPCServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Basic XML-RPC server implementation.</td></tr>
  <tr class='oddrow'>
      <td><b><tt class='module'><a href='module-DocXMLRPCServer.html'>DocXMLRPCServer</a></tt></b></td>
      <td>&nbsp;</td>
      <td class='synopsis'>Self-documenting XML-RPC server implementation.</td></tr>
</table>

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